Adrenergic drugs
It is a broad class of drugs that bind to adrenergic receptors throughout the body. These receptors include: Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, Beta 2, Beta 3
The adrenergic drugs will bind directly to one or more of these receptors to cause different physiological effects.
Some drugs act indirectly on these receptors to cause certain effects.
Adrenergic drugs must be classified based on the specific receptors they bind to.
Direct-acting drugs, which are the main focus of this article, include vasodilators, bronchodilators, and other drugs.
Amphetamine and cocaine its the best Examples of indirect drugs
Main effects that stimulate or activate adrenergic receptors
alpha-1 receptor: smooth muscle contraction, mydriasis
Alpha 2 receptors: mixed effects on smooth muscles
Beta 1 receptors: Increased chronic cardiac and inotropic effects
Beta 2 receptors: the expansion of the airways (bronchodilation)
Beta 3 receptors: increase lipolysis
Classes of adrenergic drugs
1)Adrenergic agonist
A) Direct acting
1) non selective
That is, it does not distinguish between alpha or beta receptors. It is based on stimulating all receptors, and these drugs are
i) Epinephrine or epinephrine
ii) Epinephrine or epinephrine light
iii) Isoproterenol or Isoprenaline
iv) Dopamine
2) selective
That is, it binds to one of the aforementioned receptors and gives its effect on the region in which it is bound
i) selective beta-1 agonist such as: dobutamine
ii) selective peripheral (D1) agonist such as: fenoldopam
iii) selective alpha-1 agonist such as: phenylephrine, midodrine, naphazoline, tetrahydrozoline, xylometazoline, oxymetazoline
iv) selective alpha-1 agonist such as: clonidine, alpha-methyldopa, apraclonidine, brimonidine, levixidine
v) selective beta-2 agonist, divided into: -
a) Short-acting, such as: metaproterenol or orciprenaline, salbutamol or albuterol, terbutaline
b) Long-acting, such as: formoterol, salmeterol
c)Ultra-Long-acting such as: indacaterol
B) Indirect effect
These drugs are
i) amphetamine
ii) dextromethorphan
iii) methamphetamine
iv) methylphenidate
v) Modafinil
vi) Tyramine
C) Mixed effect
These drugs are
i) Ephedrine
ii) Pseudoephedrine
pharmacological action for Adrenergic agonist
1) local effect
vasoconstriction in nose
2) heart (B1)
positive inotropic , chronotropic and dromotropic
3) blood vessels
i) skin blood vessels
vasoconstriction
ii) skeletal muscle blood vessels
vasodilation
4) lung
powerful bronchodilation (B2)
5) GIT
relax GIT & genito-urinary muscle
6) Eye
active mydriasis
2)adrenergic antagonists
A) Alpha blockers
It is divided into: -
i) Non-selective blocker such as: phenoxybenzamine, tolazoline, phentolamine
ii) selective alpha1 receptor blockers such as: prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, alfuzosin, tamsulosin
iii) selective Alpha 2 blockers such as: yohimbine
B) Beta blockers
1) Non-selective blocker such as: propranolol, nadolol, timolol, sotalol
2) selective blocker such as: betaxolol, Esmolol, bisoprolol, nebivolol, metoprolol, atenolol
3) beta-blockers with partial agonist activity such as: acebutolol, pindolol, celiprolol
4) Mixed blocker such as: Labetalol, Carvedilol
pharmacological actin for adrenergic antagonist
1) heart
negative inotropic & chronotropic & slow SA &VA nodal conduction & decrease cardiac work
2) lung
bronchoconstriction
3) Eye
decrease IOP especially in glaucoma due to decrease aqueous humour formation
Note / This information is taken from the following websites: -
3) Pharma Guide
In the next article, we will talk about each drug in detail about the boring, side effects, and therapeutic effects, and the pharmacokinetic for each medicine
Finally, if you encounter any difficulties or problems, please write in the comments, and do not forget to share this article, so that we can learn more
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